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In sports science and weight training, intensity measures how close you get to your maximum strength capabilities.
To put it simply, the heavier the weight you lift, the higher the intensity, meaning that technically, your one rep max (1RM) represents 100% intensity for you on a given exercise.
For example, if you can bench press 100 kg for one single rep, and fail to do a second rep unassisted, 100 kg is 100% intensity for you on the bench press.
One of the more important things to remember, is that the heavier you lift, the more fast-twitch muscle fibers are activated.
Fast-twitch fibers are the stronger, more powerful muscle fibers, which can exert great amounts of force, explosively.
However, fiber recruitment is the primary means of lifting heavier, only up until ~80% of your maximum strength capabilities (intensity).
Going above 85% and until failure is only possible with an increased frequency of brain to muscle signals.
With this information in mind, it is quite clear that training to failure is way more strenuous for the nervous system.
Nevertheless, reaching muscular failure is quite the powerful stimulus as well, but due to its strenuous nature, it should be properly implemented into your routine.
Generally, you should test around muscle failure, by only taking 1 set for each muscle group to failure, per week and working up from there.
If you go overboard with failure, you will experience:
1. Joint/ligament aches
2. Prolonged muscle exhaustion
3. Lowered strength capabilities
Monitor those and adjust the volume of failure sets in your training split accordingly!
Some of the legends like Arnold & Serge can sell you on the idea that reaching failure is ESSENTIAL.
However, modern studies suggest that staying 2-5 repetitions shy of failure is more beneficial for muscle growth, than training to failure.
Nevertheless, each and everyone reacts differently to certain stimuli, so your best bet is to, again, test around!
Carefully managing your training intensity will allow you to optimize your quality training volume in the long-term, thus creating a better stimulus and maximizing gains.
Improper implementation of training to failure can prevent this from happening, due to its innate ability to, well, fry your nervous system!
This is why, your main means of creating greater stimulus, should be to increase training weight, number of repetitions and sets, and also, opening up better recovery windows between sets.
Only when you have this covered, you should consider implementing sets to failure, in which case, you can start with just one set and see how far you can take it.
Train smart, not hard!
